The Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Quality of School Heads in the Public School System

Main Article Content

Ronora S. Malaga

Abstract

The paper takes into account the changing context of intelligence in educational leadership. It mainly explored and reflected on the relationship between school heads' emotional intelligence and leadership quality and their variant factors. A descriptive-correlational research design was adopted covering the randomly selected 55 public school heads in the division of Negros Occidental. The Emotional Quotient Metrics (EQM) and domain 1 of the 2010 National Competency-Based Standards for School Heads (NCBS-SH) were administered and respectively utilized to gauge emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership quality (LQ) index of the respondents. Statistical average mean, standard deviation, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis H, and regression analysis were utilized for the treatment analyses of data. The public school heads showed a high level of EI and LQ. Age and years of leadership experience resulted in a significant difference in their EI and LQ. Nevertheless, sex was inconsequential to such variation. EI and LQ were linearly correlated. Leaders with high EI subsequently demonstrated a high level of leadership quality. Understanding the value of emotional intelligence in leadership may serve as a criterion for hiring, promotion, and succession planning.

views Abstract Views: 175 times | download Downloaded: 28 times

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Malaga, R. (2021). The Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Quality of School Heads in the Public School System. Research Journal of Education, Science and Technology, 1(1), 36–56. Retrieved from https://rjest.org/index.php/journal/article/view/7
Section
Articles

References

Atkins, P. and Stough, C. Does emotional intelligence change with age? Research Gate. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/234377636_Does_Emotional_Intelligence_change_with_age.

Boyatzis, R. (2006). The transformation of the ECI. Hay Group Research Report.

Boyatzis, R., Goleman, D., and Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI). In Bar-On, R., & Parker, J., (eds), Handbook of Emotional Intelligence. CA, USA: Jossey-Bass.

Eagly, A., Karau, S., and Makhijani, M. (1995). Sex and the effectiveness of leaders: Ameta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 117, 125–145.

Blake, R. and Mouton JS. (1964). The managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf.

Cagle, S. (1988). Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership Effectiveness and Appointment of a Committee Chairperson. Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 50-07, Section: B, 28-42.

Cakan, M. and Altun, S.A. (2005). Adaptation of an emotional intelligence scale for Turkish educators. International Education Journal, 6(3), 367–372.

Carstensen, L. L., Pasupathi, M., Mayr, U., and Nesselroade, J. R. (2000). Emotional experience in everyday life across the adult life span. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79 (4), 644-655.

Carstensen, L. L., Fung, H. H., and Charles, S. T. (2003). Socioemotional selectivity theory and the regulation of emotion in the second half of life. Motivation and Emotion, 27(2), 103-123.

Caruso, D. R., Mayer, J. D., and Salovey, P. (2002). Emotional intelligence and emotional leadership. In R. E. Riggio, S. E. Murphy, and F. J. Pirozzolo (Eds.), LEA's organization and management series. Multiple intelligences and leadership, 55-74. Mahwah, NJ, US: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Available online http://psycnetapa.org/record/2001-01722-003.

Christov-Moore, L., et al. Empathy: Gender effects in brain and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 46:604–627. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25236781.

Coleman, M. and Glover, D. (2010). Educational Leadership and Management. UK: Bell and Bain Ltd, Glasgow.

Cooper, R. and Sawaf, A. (1997). Executive EQ: Emotional intelligence in leadership and organizations. USA: Advanced Intelligence Technologies, LLC. Available online @ http://aymansawaf.com/emotional-intelligence/.

Crawford, M. (2009). Getting to the heart of leadership. Emotion and the Educational Leader. London: Sage.

Davis, R. (2011). We need more mature leaders. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://hbr.org/2011/10/we-need-more-mature-leaders.

Dulewicz, V., and Higgs, M. (2000). Emotional intelligence: A review and evaluation study. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4), 341-372.

Eagly, A., Johannneson-Schmidt, M., and Van Engen, M. (2003). Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: A meta-analysis comparing women and men. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 569-591.

Ejaz, S., Rehman, K., and Zaheer, A (2009). Evaluating effective leadership qualities of managers in day-to-day work of banking sector in Pakistan.1nternational Journal of Management & Marketing Research (IJMMR), 2(1), 103-111.

Fariselli, L. (2006). Age and emotional intelligence. Retrieved August 13, 2019, from pdfs.semanticscholar.org.

Fariselli, L., Ghini, M., and Freedman, J. (2008) Age and emotional intelligence. Six Seconds: The Emotional Intelligence Network. Retrieved August 27, 2019, from prodimages.6seconds.org/media/WP_EQ_and_Age.pdf.

Fazio, R. (2019). Using executive emotional intelligence for leadership success. American Management Association. Retrieved August 26, 2019, from http://www.amanetorg/training/articles/using-executiveemotional-intelligence-%28eei%29-for-leadershipsuccess.aspx.

Fletcher, J. and Kaeufer, K. (2003). Shared leadership: Paradox and possibility. Shared leadership: Current Thinking: Future Trends. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Frank, Chiyoko Kobayashi; Baron-Cohen, Simon; Ganzel, Barbara L. (2015-01-15). Sex differences in the neural basis of false-belief and pragmatic language comprehension. Elsevier NeuroImage. 105:300–311.Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811914007836?via%3Dihub.

Gardner, L. and Stough, C. (2002). Examining the relationship between leadership and emotional intelligence in senior-level managers. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 23(2), 68-78.

Green, M., et al. (2011) "The Impact of education, gender, age and leadership experience on preferences in leadership. Journal of Business & Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching (2005-2012), 7 (1),102-115. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from http://scholars.fhsu.edu/jbl/vol7/iss1/10.

Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional intelligence. New York, USA: Bantam Books.

Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. New York, USA: Bantam Books. Available online @ https://www.learningtheories.com/emotional-intelligence-goleman.html.

Goleman, D. (1998). What makes a leader? Harvard Business Review, 76, 93–102.

Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and McKee, A. (2001). Primal leadership: The hidden driver of great performance. Harvard Business Review, 79(11), 42-51.

Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. and MacKee, A. (2004). Primal leadership: Learning to lead with emotional intelligence. USA: Harvard Business Press.

Gupta, S (2014). Emotional intelligence and work-life balance of employees of employees in the information technology industry. Elsevier. Retrieved August 12, 2019, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2395216

Hertenstein, M. and Keltner, D. (2011). Gender and the communication of emotion via touch. Sex Roles, 64 (1–2), 70–

Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21297854.

Joseph, C. (2017). Factors influencing leadership styles. Retrieved August 13, 2019, from https://bizfluent.com/info-8145993-factor-influencing-leadership-styles.html.

Judge T., Bono, J., Ilies, R, and Gerhardt, M. (2002). Personality and leadership: A qualitative and quantitative review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 765–780.

Judge T., Colbert, A., and Ilies R. (2004). Intelligence and leadership: A quantitative review and test of theoretical propositions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 542–552.

Judge, T., Piccolo R. (2004). Transformational and transactional leadership: A meta-analytic test of their relative validity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 755–768.

Kabacoff, R.I., and Stoffey, R.W. (2001). Age differences in organizational leadership. Paper presented at the 16th Annual Conference of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, San Diego.

Posner, B. (2006). The leadership challenge. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Khan, K. M. (2011). A study of self-perception of leadership role of the secondary schools heads towards the improvement of standards of education model school lahore.

Labouvie-Vief, G., and Medler, M. (2002). Affect optimization and affect complexity: Modes and styles of regulation in adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 17(4), 571-588.

Mandell, B. (2003). Relationship between emotional intelligence and transformational leadership style: a sex comparison. Journal of Business Psychology, 17 (3), 387-404. Retrieved August 13, 2019, from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1022816409059.

Marsh, D. (2000) Educational leadership for the twenty-first century: Integrating three essential perspectives. In The Jossey Bass Reader on Educational Leadership, 126-146. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.

Mayer J., Salovey, P. (1993). The intelligence of emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 17, 433–442.

Mayer J., Salovey P, Caruso D., Sitarenios, G. (2003). Measuring emotional intelligence with The MSCEIT V20. Emotion, 3, 97–105.

Mayer, J., Caruso, D. and Salovey, P., (December 1999). Emotional intelligence meets the standards for intelligence. Elsevier, 27(4), 267-298. Retrieved August 12, 2019, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289699000161.

McLin, A. (2006). Using emotional intelligence to assess student behavior. Proceedings of the Academy of EduNsubuga, Y. K. (2009). Analysis of Leadership Styles and School Performance of Secondary Schools in Uganda. Doctoral thesis. Port Elizabeth: Department of Education, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. Uganda. Educational Leadership, 11(1), 55 59.

Morgeson, F., and Ilies, R. (2007). Correlations between leadership traits and leadership styles. Lansing, MI: Michigan State University.

Nazari, K. and Mostafa, Emami (2012). Emotional Intelligence: Understanding, Applying, and Measuring. Journal of Applied Science Research 8(3), 1594-1607. Retrieved August 12, 2019, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2302304

Perry, C. and Ball, I. (2005). Emotional intelligence and teaching: further validation evidence. Issues in Educational Research, 15(2), 175-192. Retrieved August 19, 2019, from http://www.iier.org.au/iier15/perry.html.

Petrides, K., Pita, R., and Kokkinaki, F. (2007). The location of trait emotional intelligence in personality factor space. Br. J. Psychology., 98, 273–289.

Salovey, P., and Mayer, J. (1990). Emotional intelligence. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 9, 185–211.

Sarstedt, M. and Mooi, E. (2014). Regression analysis. Retrieved December 7, 2019, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300403700_Regression_Analysis.

Sessa, V., Kabacoff, R., Deal, J., and Brown, H. (2007). Research tools for the psychologist-manager: Generational differences in leader values and leadership behaviors. Psychologist-Manager Journal, 1 0(1), 47.

Shah, N. (2019). Leaders should be intelligent decision-makers. The Hindu Business Line. Retrieved August 8, 2019, from http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-newmanager/leaders-should-be-intelligentdecisionmakers/article1116002.ece.

Shipley, N., Jackson, M, & Segrest, S. (2010). The effects of emotional intelligence, age, work experience, and academic performance.

Staudinger, U. M., Marsiske, M., & Baltes, P. B. (1995). Resilience and reserve capacity in later adulthood: Potentials and limits of development. In D. Chicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology: Risk, disorder and

adaptation 23, 801-847. New York: Wiley.

Sternberg, R. (2002). Successful intelligence: A new approach to leadership. In R. E.Riggio, S. E. Murphy, & F. J. Pirozzolo (Eds.), Multiple intelligences and leadership, 9−28. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

Tapia, M. & Marsh, G. (2006). The effects of sex and grade point average on emotional intelligence. PubMed, 18, 108-11. Retrieved August 27, 2019, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17295966.

Thompson, S. (2012.). How does age affect leadership style? AZ Central. Retrieved August 13, 2019, from https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/age-affect-leadershipstyles-21223.html.

Webb, K. (2011). Emotional intelligence and business success.

Elsevier.Retrieved August 12, 2019, from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1948065

Whitaker, P. (1997). Primary Schools and the Future. Buckingham: Open University Press.